Hindi Varnamala Guide: Learn Hindi Alphabets Easily

Are you looking to learn Hindi? If you want to travel to India, or talk to Hindi-speaking friends, you must start with the Hindi Varnamala.

In this guide, we make it easy for you. We use simple English and clear charts to help you understand every sound and number.

What is Hindi Varnamala?

The word Varnamala (वर्णमाला) comes from two words:

  • Varna = Letter/Sound

  • Mala = Garland (like a necklace)

So, it is a “Garland of Letters.” Hindi uses the Devanagari script. It is one of the most scientific scripts in the world because you write exactly what you hear!  Learning these letters is the first step to speaking and writing one of the most popular languages in the world.

Types of Hindi Varnamala (Hindi alphabet)

The Varnamala is divided into two main parts:

  1. Swar (Vowels): Sounds that can be spoken alone.

  2. Vyanjan (Consonants): Sounds that need a vowel to be spoken clearly.

PART 1 – SWAR (Vowels) – स्वर

Swars are letters that can speak alone.
They do not need help from any other letter.

Hindi has 13 vowels (commonly taught in primary classes).

Hindi Varnamala Vowels Chart

All Hindi Vowels (Step by Step)

Now let’s learn one by one.

1️⃣ अ (a)

Say: “uh”
Example: अनार (Anaar – Pomegranate) 🍎

2️⃣ आ (aa)

Say: “aa”
Example: आम (Aam – Mango) 🥭

3️⃣ इ (i)

Say: “i”
Example: इमली (Imli – Tamarind)

4️⃣ ई (ee)

Say: “ee”
Example: ईख (Sugarcane)

5️⃣ उ (u)

Say: “u”
Example: उल्लू (Owl) 🦉

6️⃣ ऊ (oo)

Say: “oo”
Example: ऊन (Wool)

7️⃣ ऋ (ri)

Special sound
Example: ऋषि (Rishi)

8️⃣ ए (e)

Example: एक (One)

9️⃣ ऐ (ai)

Example: ऐनक (Glasses) 👓

🔟 ओ (o)

Example: ओखली

1️⃣1️⃣ औ (au)

Example: औरत (Woman)

1️⃣2️⃣ अं (Anuswar)

It makes “ं” sound
Example: अंग (Ang)

1️⃣3️⃣ अः (Visarga)

Breathing sound
Example: दुःख (Dukh)

PART 2 – VYANJAN (Consonants) – व्यंजन

Vyanjan cannot speak alone.
They need a vowel friend to make a full sound.

Example:

क + अ = क
क + आ = का

See? They need help 😊

Hindi has 33 main consonants. Hindi consonants are arranged very smartly.

They are divided into 5 groups.

1️⃣ Ka Group (क वर्ग)

Ka Vyanjan chart in Hindi

क (ka)

Sound: k
English word: Kite 🪁

ख (kha)

Sound: strong kh
English word: Khan (like Khan name)

ग (ga)

Sound: g
English word: Goat 🐐

घ (gha)

Sound: heavy g + h
English word: Ghost 👻

ङ (nga)

Sound: “ng” (like in sing)
English example: sing

2️⃣ Cha Group (च वर्ग)

Cha Vyanjan chart in Hindi

च (cha)

Sound: ch
English word: Chair 🪑

छ (chha)

Strong ch
English word: Chocolate 🍫

ज (ja)

Sound: j
English word: Jam 🍓

झ (jha)

Strong j + h
English word: Jhansi (name of a place)

ञ (nya)

Sound: “ny”
English example: canyon

3️⃣ Ta Group (ट वर्ग – Hard Sound)

Ta Group vyanjan chat in Hindi and English

ट (ṭa)

Hard t
English word: Table

ठ (ṭha)

Strong t + h
English word: Thumb 👍

ड (ḍa)

Hard d
English word: Drum 🥁

ढ (ḍha)

Strong d + h
English word: Dhaba

ण (ṇa)

Hard n
English example: burn

4️⃣ Ta Group (त वर्ग – Soft Sound)

Ta Varg Soft Sound chart in Hindi and English

त (ta)

Soft t
English word: Tiger 🐯

थ (tha)

Strong th
English word: Thumb

द (da)

Soft d
English word: Dog 🐶

ध (dha)

Strong d + h
English word: Dhoni (name)

न (na)

Sound: n
English word: Nest 🪺

5️⃣ Pa Group (प वर्ग)

Pa Varg Chart in Hindi and English

प (pa)

Sound: p
English word: Pen 🖊

फ (pha)

Strong ph
English word: Phone 📱

ब (ba)

Sound: b
English word: Ball ⚽

भ (bha)

Strong b + h
English word: Bhutan (country name)

म (ma)

Sound: m
English word: Monkey 🐒

Other Important Consonants

य (ya)

English word: Yak

र (ra)

English word: Rabbit 🐰

ल (la)

English word: Lion 🦁

व (va/wa)

English word: Van 🚐

श (sha)

English word: Shirt 👕

ष (sha – hard)

English example: Shakti

स (sa)

English word: Sun ☀

ह (ha)

English word: Hat 🎩

🌟 Special Joint Letters

क्ष (ksh) –
like “Kshama”

त्र (tra) –
like “Train”

ज्ञ (gya) –
like “Gyan”

श्र (shra) –
like “Shree”